Cosmopolitanism is the idea that all people on the planet are part of a global community. The philosophy of cosmopolitanism is either a wide range of potentials that advocate universal rules, or we should all have the same bias towards people farther than we approach. By adding modifiers to “methodology” to “cosmopolitanism”, it means calling something similar to philosophical, but limited to analytical methods. In short, I use this phrase any distinction like race, nationality, gender, wealth, class, etc. is expensive and therefore does not require labor.
Methodological cosmopolitanism is necessary for economic understanding. Consider what is called the best tariff. Given a particular condion, a tariff that is slightly small enough generates purely net social welfare benefits: the consumer surplus is lost, the loss of death from Tarif is lost This outcom is uniquely removed in taxes. Except for taxes on products that create externalities, the tax model shows net welfare loss. Customs duties are not taxes on externalities. So how do they generate net welfare benefits? Slightly through hand accounting. Optimal tariffs suggest only the benefits of net welfare, as the reduction in surplus to foreign producers does not count in the model. Ifuse reductions are counted, and optimal tariffs no longer generate net welfare benefits.
At this point, many economic nationalists are opposed. When discussing the above points, I often think, “Do you care about people who care about foreigners reducing ASIR welfare? We should care just to be adjacent to our country!” The happiness of foreigners’ issues is irrelevant from a moral perspective. It is important from an economic standpoint. Trade and trade are mutual. In the first exchange, both parties benefit. However, the exchange process does not finish the tere. Sellers are sold and now you have dollars. They can do everything with it: buy goods from other countries, invest in other countries, etc. When trade is reduced between two countries, economic welfare will be reduced twice. The dollars that foreigners made once and again off will spend less on exports or investments in the economy. As Abba Lerner was suspended in 1936, tariffs on imports have similar reductions on exports.
This effect, well known to economists (in fact, one of the reasons why the optimal tariffs you have to fully satisfy are minimized to minimize losses to domestic producers/consumers that accompany the export market) is overlooked by nationalists and others who reject methodological cosmopolitanism. Even if you consider the happiness of foreigners to be important, it must be a methodological cosmopolitan to fully assess and consider the overall impact of policy.
