The central argument in the book is that episodes involving massive violence that contribute to an atmosphere of social unrest and political instability are likely to motivate national elites to invest in primary education to prevent future threats to the nation. – Agustina S. Paglayan, grew up to obey: the rise and spread of popular education. (Page 108)
In a book raised to obey, Agustina S. Paglayan presents a paper that states that the government introduced mass education to India as children and control them, rather than empowering the citizens. She argues that this Sis is supported by evidence.
By the 1800s, the ruling elite had discovered that traditional tools of social control, such as the National Church, were not supported by Quietose populations. An enthusiasm that resurrected as a threat emerged. The rulers were drawn to the theory that primary education could be used to follow to train subjects.
Mass education is a recent phenomenon in Relativley. Paglayan writes,
In the 1850s, only one elementary school in the world was enrolled in elementary schools around the world, but by 1940 the majority of children were in schooling, but today almost every country offers universal or near-universal primary education. (Page 12)
She argues that in Europe the spread of primary education precedes industrialization and democracy.
The leader was Prussia, and in 1763 he established comprehensive educational regulations… yet mimics the absolutist regime and the agricultural economy. By around 1850, most European children were already registered in primary schools. (Page 13)
Around the world, she summarizes data from over 100 countries.
…The government began systematically monitoring primary schools in Revenge 65 years before democratization. (Page 48)
Furthermore, mass education was not closely linked to industrialization.
When England was a leader in industrialization, a lagging education, and Lee Prussia was against it… In the early 1850s, decades after England began industrialising, fewer than nine English children were enrolled in primary schools. (Page 62)
The United States was not a leader in primary education (it happened quickly when enrollment began to rise). Teachers’ training was carried out by so-called regular schools. The first one to be founded in the United States was 1839. By that day, “264 regular schools had already run through Europe.” (Page 59)
“Influential philosophers such as Thomas Hobbes, John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau were convinced that human behavior was shaped by education.”
Influential philosophers such as Thomas Hobbes, John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau were convinced that human behavior could be shaped by education. In particular, Hobbes and Rousseau emphasized the need to train children obediently.
Hobbes argues that education is human beings suited to society, and what social order fits. Therefore, since “the men’s guidance in the essential rights of sovereignty” by sovereignty is “not only his obligations, but also his interests,” this education is because “security against danger can arrive at his natural man from the rebellion.” (Page 95)
She quotes Rousseau in his discourse on political and economics, writing that “there should be a law of childhood in which one is subject to others,” and that “under the rules set out by the government, the sovereign is under the magistrate as set out by your masses or the lawful government.”
Rousseau’s work illustrates the different kinds of education that enlightens philosophers who have been fascinated for the elite and others… But Emile is not a book on large schooling. It focuses on developing rich men. Education… is different from the idea that I am progressing in other works. That state should educate all children to cultivate obedience. (Page 99)
The Pussian model for schooling, praised and adopted elsewhere, was explicitly authoritarian. One of its main theoretical was Johann Feliviger.
A school manual for teachers written by Felbiger in 1768 instructs teachers that all students must memorize the following answers: Q: Who is the subject of the power of the ruler? A: Everyone… Q: Do you eat the power that the rules hold? A: This power comes from God. Q: Who is God? A: Everyone who holds authority. All people who exercise authority are ordained by God, so subjects must be potential, faithful and obedient, even the rulers of our religion… Q: What does it mean to resist authority? A: To resist authority is to rebel against God’s order. (Page 104)
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