Three digital tools were developed. i) The new BIM-assisted smart pre-demolition (BIM4DW) tool enables more accurate estimates of used building materials (EBM) in pre-demolition waste audits. ii) An innovative Identification and Authentication Toolkit (IAT) to preserve, guarantee and over-the-air update of the properties of both reused building components and salvaged EBM from the EoL construction phase into new buildings. iii) A new digital EBM traceability service based on a cloud traceability platform (CTP) that covers the entire circular building supply chain. Three functional versions of the tool have been developed and demonstrated separately in laboratory conditions (IAT for concrete), in a virtual case (CTP), and in a full-scale demolition project (BIM4DW).
A mobile automatic sorting tool has been developed for processing construction demolition waste on an industrial scale. This technique relies on the use of near-infrared hyperspectral imaging (HIS) to determine the composition of individual fragments of mixed fractions. A wavelength scan of the unmixed material from 200 to 2500 nm was performed to obtain the UV-VIS-NIR spectra. The parameters of the HIS camera were adjusted for optimal scanning of the reference material and acquisition of hyperspectral images. The design and production of a mobile sorting prototype machine has been completed.
Various technologies have been developed for the purification, recycling and quality assessment of the six construction waste streams featured in ICEBERG.
A new circular green building product formulation using a large amount of salvaged building materials was tested.
• Formulations and properties of eight mixed cements, compared with cement CEM I 42.5.
• Concrete mixes with up to 100% recycled aggregate, three different strength classes, conventional and eco-hybrid cement.
• Preliminary analysis, experimental tests and numerical models for precast structural concrete elements and removable connections.
• Ultralight concrete mixes for later non-structural elements (two groups of 8 and 7 doses, respectively).
• Mixing and testing of wood chip concrete (10 mixes).
• Recycled concrete granules and fine aggregate are compacted and neutralized at sample level for subsequent hollow blocks.
• Characterization of ceramic and non-ceramic materials and testing of mixtures at different sintering temperatures.
– Contains phenolic resin using bio-oil produced during pyrolysis of wood waste.
・Insulation material made from wood chips for later insulation panels.
• Preliminary evaluation and impact on productivity of gypsum board. Increased recycled gypsum content to 35 wt% on an industrial scale.
• Incorporate available recycled polyols (>10 wt%) into the PU airgel formulation and optimize the reaction conditions.
• Screening of different polyols for subsequent PU-based panels.
Finally, these solutions were demonstrated and validated in six large-scale case studies, and their environmental and economic impacts were assessed.
Ultimately, the project received 27 scientific publications and 4 patents.
